THE FOUR SEASONS
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The rotation around the Earth is what causes the seasons to change. At different times of the year and at different places, the Sun's energy and heat hits the Earth in the hemispheres more than in others thus causing the seasons to change. That is why when it is winter one side of the world it is summer on the opposite side! For a more brief explanation watch that video!
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The rotation of the moon around the Earth and the rotation of the earth around the sunThis diagram shows us how the moon rotates around the Earth and how the Earth rotates around the Sun. It takes the moon 28 days to make one full rotation and the Earth 365 days to make one full rotation around the sun. The Earth is spinning on its axis while spinning around the Sun. When we are not facing the sun it is nigh, but when we are it is day. For a more detailed explanation read the opposite side. The Sun is the biggest, then the Earth and the smallest the moon. Here is a quick animation of the whole thing in action.
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HOW DO WE GET DAY AND NIGHT?...Day and night is caused by the rotation of the Earth about its axis. At any given time, the half facing the Sun will be shined upon while the other half will have no light. Places in the former will therefore experience day while places in the latter will experience night.
Of course, since the Earth is rotating, the illuminated places will not be illuminated forever. After some time, it will be their turn to experience night. Now, if only the Earth’s axis was perpendicular to its orbital plane, all places on Earth would experience equal times of days and nights, i.e., 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night. However, this is not so. The Earth’s axis is actually tilted. Hence, at certain times of the year, those in the northern hemisphere will be exposed to the Sun longer than those in the southern hemisphere. Then as the Earth approaches the opposite side of its orbit, the opposite happens and those in the southern hemisphere will now have more hours under the Sun. Subsequently, in extreme places like the North and South pole, the Sun may never set or never rise at certain times of the year. This only diagram only counts for the northern hemisphere,
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THE MILKY WAY GALAXY
The Milky way galaxy is the galaxy which we live in. Inside we find the planets, stars, many, many stars, asteroids, you name it!